Le phrojekthi ichaza ukuthi injini ye-DC ingahanjiswa kanjani iye phambili noma ihlehliselwe indlela kusetshenziswa isilawuli kude se-TV noma i-DVD.Umgomo uwukwakha umshayeli wemoto olula we-bi-directional esebenzisa isitimela se-modulated infrared (IR) 38kHz 38kHz ngenjongo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa noma iyiphi i-microcontroller noma uhlelo.

I-prototype yombhali iboniswa ku-Fig. 1.

Ukujikeleza nokusebenza

Umdwebo wesifunda wephrojekthi uboniswa ku-Fig. 2. Wakhiwe eduze kwemojula yokwamukela i-IR i-TSOP1738 (IRRX1), i-decade counter 4017B (IC2), umshayeli wemoto L293D (IC3), PNP transistor BC557 (T1), ama-transistors amabili e-BC547 NPN ( I-T2 ne-T3), i-5V amandla alawulwayo (IC1), nebhethri engu-9V.

Ibhethri le-9V lixhunywe nge-diode D1 kusilawuli sikagesi esingu-7805 ukuze sikhiqize i-5V DC edingekayo kuphrojekthi.I-Capacitor C2 (100µF, 16V) isetshenziselwa ukwenqatshwa kwe-ripple.

Ngaphansi kwesimo esijwayelekile, iphinikhodi yokukhipha engu-3 yemojula ye-IR IRRX1 iphezulu ngokunengqondo, okusho ukuthi i-transistor T1 exhunywe kuyo inqanyuliwe ngakho-ke itheminali yayo yokuqoqa iphansi ngokunengqondo.Umqoqi we-T1 ushayela ukushaya kwewashi kwe-counter IC2 yeminyaka eyishumi.

Lapho ukhomba irimothi kumojula ye-IR bese ucindezela noma yimuphi ukhiye, imojuli ithola ama-38kHz IR pulses asuka kusilawuli kude.Lawa ma-pulses aguqulwa kumqoqi we-T1 futhi anikezwe iphinikhodi yokufaka iwashi engu-14 ye-counter counter IC2.

Ukushaya kwe-IR okufikayo kukhuphula ikhawunta yeshumi leminyaka ngenani elifanayo (38kHz) kodwa ngenxa yokuba khona kwesihlungi se-RC (R2=150k kanye ne-C3=1µF) kuphinikhodi yokufaka yewashi 14 ye-IC2, isitimela samapulse sibonakala njenge-pulse eyodwa isibali.Ngakho, lapho ucindezela ukhiye ngamunye, isibali sithuthuka ngokubala okukodwa kuphela.

Uma ukhiye wesilawuli kude ukhululwa, i-capacitor C3 iphuma nge-resistor R2 futhi ulayini wewashi uba uziro.Ngakho-ke ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho umsebenzisi ecindezela futhi ekhulula ukhiye kusilawuli kude, ikhawunta ithola ukushaya kwe-pulse okukodwa ekufakeni kwewashi layo futhi i-LED1 iyakhanya ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-pulse yamukelwe.

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kungaba namathuba amahlanu:

Icala 1

Uma ukhiye wesilawuli kude ucindezelwa, i-pulse yokuqala iyafika futhi okukhiphayo kwe-O0 kwekhawunta yeshumi (IC2) kuya phezulu kuyilapho amaphinikhodi O1 kuya ku-O9 ephansi, okusho ukuthi ama-transistors T2 kanye ne-T3 asesimweni sokunqanyulwa.Abaqoqi bawo womabili ama-transistors badonselwa esimeni esiphakeme ngo-1-kilo-ohm resistors (R4 kanye no-R6), ngakho womabili amatheminali okokufaka IN1 kanye ne-IN2 yomshayeli wemoto L293D (IC3) abe phezulu.Kulesi sigaba, injini ayisebenzi.

Icala lesi-2

Uma ukhiye ucindezelwa futhi, ukushaya kwesibili okufika kulayini we-CLK kukhulisa ikhawunta ngayinye.Okusho ukuthi, lapho i-pulse yesibili ifika, ukuphuma kwe-O1 kwe-IC2 kuya phezulu, kuyilapho ukuphuma okusele kuphansi.Ngakho-ke, i-transistor T2 iqhuba futhi i-T3 inqanyuliwe.Okusho ukuthi i-voltage eqoqweni le-T2 iyehla (IN1 ye-IC3) kanye ne-voltage eqoqweni le-T3 iba phezulu (IN2 ye-IC3) kanye nokokufaka okungu-IN1 no-IN2 komshayeli wemoto u-IC3 kuba ngu-0 no-1, ngokulandelanayo.Kulesi simo, injini iphenduka ibheke phambili.

Icala lesi-3

Uma ukhiye ucindezelwa futhi, ukushaya kwesithathu okufika emugqeni we-CLK kukhulisa ikhawunta ngakunye futhi.Ngakho-ke ukuphuma kwe-O2 kwe-IC2 kuya phezulu.Njengoba kungekho okuxhunywe kuphinikhodi ye-O2 kanye nezikhonkwane zokukhipha i-O1 ne-O3 ziphansi, ngakho-ke womabili ama-transistors T2 kanye ne-T3 aya kusimo sokunqanyulwa.

Amatheminali ama-collector awo womabili ama-transistors adonselwa esimeni esiphakeme ngo-1-kilo-ohm resistors R4 kanye no-R6, okusho ukuthi amatheminali okokufaka IN1 kanye ne-IN2 ye-IC3 iba phezulu.Kulesi sigaba, injini iphinde ingasebenzi.

Icala lesi-4

Uma ukhiye ucindezelwa futhi, i-pulse yesine efika kulayini we-CLK inyusa ikhawunta eyodwa okwesine.Manje ukuphuma kwe-O3 kwe-IC2 kuya phezulu, kuyilapho okusele kuphansi, ngakho-ke i-transistor T3 iyaqhuba.Okusho ukuthi i-voltage kumqoqi we-T2 iba phezulu (IN1 ye-IC3) futhi i-voltage kumqoqi we-T3 iba phansi (IN2 ye-IC3).Ngakho, okokufaka okungu-IN1 kanye ne-IN2 kwe-IC3 kukuleveli engu-1 no-0, ngokulandelanayo.Kulesi simo, injini iphenduka ibheke emuva.

Icala lesi-5

Uma ukhiye ucindezelwa okwesihlanu, ukushaya kwesihlanu okufika kulayini we-CLK kukhulisa ikhawunta ngakunye futhi.Njengoba i-O4 (iphinikhodi engu-10 ye-IC2) ixhunywe ku-Setha kabusha iphinikhodi yokufaka engu-15 ye-IC2, ukucindezela okwesihlanu kubuyisela i-IC counter yeshumi leminyaka esimweni sokusetha kabusha amandla nge-O0 ephezulu.

Ngakho-ke, isifunda sisebenza njengomshayeli we-bi-directional motor olawulwa ngesilawuli kude se-infrared.

Ukwakhiwa nokuhlola

Isekhethi ingahlanganiswa ku-Veroboard noma ku-PCB okuma kwayo usayizi wangempela kuboniswe ku-Fig. 3. Isakhiwo sezingxenye ze-PCB siboniswa ku-Fig. 4.

Landa ama-PDF e-PCB ne-Component layout:Chofoza lapha

Ngemva kokuhlanganisa isekethe, xhuma ibhethri elingu-9V kuyo yonke i-BATT.1.Bheka Ithebula Leqiniso (Ithebula 1) ukuze lisetshenziswe futhi ulandele izinyathelo ezichazwe Odabeni 1 kuya Kwesi-5 ngenhla.

Ihlelwe nguLisa