Ama-DC motors ayimishini etholakala yonke indawo etholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zemishini kagesi esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene.

Ngokuvamile, lawa ma-motor asetshenziswa emishinini edinga uhlobo oluthile lokulawula okujikelezayo noma okunyakazayo.Ama-motor wamanje aqondile ayingxenye ebalulekile kumaphrojekthi amaningi wobunjiniyela bakagesi.Ukuqonda kahle ukusebenza kwemoto ye-DC kanye nokulawulwa kwesivinini semoto kwenza onjiniyela bakwazi ukuklama izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifinyelela ukulawula ukunyakaza okusebenza kahle kakhulu.

Lesi sihloko sizobhekisisa izinhlobo zamamotho e-DC atholakalayo, indlela asebenza ngayo, nokuthi ungafinyelela kanjani ukulawula isivinini.

Yini i-DC Motors?

ThandaIzinjini ze-AC, ama-DC motors abuye aguqule amandla kagesi abe amandla emishini.Ukusebenza kwabo kuwukubuyela emuva kwejeneretha ye-DC ekhiqiza amandla kagesi.Ngokungafani nama-AC motors, ama-DC motors asebenza ngamandla e-DC-non-sinusoidal, amandla ahlukene.

Ukwakhiwa Okuyisisekelo

Yize ama-DC motors enziwe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, wonke aqukethe izingxenye eziyisisekelo ezilandelayo:

• I-Rotor (ingxenye yomshini ezungezayo; eyaziwa nangokuthi “i-armature”)
• I-Stator (amawindi enkambu, noma ingxenye “emile” yenjini)
• I-Commutator (ingabhulashwa noma i-brushless, kuye ngohlobo lwemoto)
• Ozibuthe basensimini (nikeza inkambu kazibuthe ephendula i-axle exhunywe ku-rotor)

Empeleni, amamotho e-DC asebenza ngokususelwe ekusebenzelaneni phakathi kwezindawo kazibuthe ezikhiqizwe i-armature ezungezayo kanye naleyo ye-stator noma ingxenye engashintshi.

Isilawuli semoto esingenazinzwa se-DC.Isithombe esisetshenziswe ngezilokotho zeKenzi Mudge.

Isimiso sokusebenza

Amamotho e-DC asebenza ngomgomo ka-Faraday we-electromagnetism othi umqhubi ophethe okwamanje uthola amandla uma ebekwe endaweni kazibuthe.Ngokomthetho kaFleming othi “Left-hand rule for electric motors,” ukunyakaza kwalo mqhubi kuhlala kuqonde ngqo kumandla wamanje kanye namandla kazibuthe.

Ngokwezibalo, singaveza la mandla ngokuthi F = BIL (lapho u-F engamandla, u-B inkambu kazibuthe, ngimele okwamanje, futhi u-L ubude bomqhubi).

Izinhlobo ze-DC Motors

Ama-motor e-DC awela ezigabeni ezahlukene, kuye ngokwakhiwa kwawo.Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa ibhulashi noma i-brushless, uzibuthe ongunaphakade, uchungechunge, nokuhambisana.

Ama-brushless Motors nama-Brushless Motors

Injini ye-DC ebhulashiweisebenzisa ipheya ye-graphite noma amabhulashi ekhabhoni ezokuqhuba noma ukuletha amandla asuka ku-armature.Lawa mabhulashi ngokuvamile agcinwa eduze nomuntu ohambayo.Eminye imisebenzi ewusizo yamabhulashi kumamotho e-dc ihlanganisa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokunganhlansi, ukulawula indlela yamanje ngesikhathi sokuzungezisa, nokugcina umgibeli ehlanzekile.

Amamotho e-brushless DCungaqukethe amabhulashi ekhabhoni noma e-graphite.Ngokuvamile aqukethe uzibuthe oyedwa noma ngaphezulu ongapheli azungeza i-armature engaguquki.Esikhundleni samabhulashi, ama-brushless DC motors asebenzisa amasekhethi e-elekthronikhi ukulawula isiqondiso sokujikeleza nesivinini.

Permanent Magnet Motors

Amamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo aqukethe i-rotor ezungezwe yizibuthe ezimbili eziphikisanayo ezihlala njalo.Ozibuthe bahlinzeka ngokushintshashintsha kwenkundla kazibuthe lapho i-dc idluliswa, okubangela ukuthi i-rotor ijikeleze ngendlela yewashi noma isiqondiso esiphambene newashi, kuye ngokuthi i-polarity.Inzuzo enkulu yalolu hlobo lwemoto ukuthi ingasebenza ngesivinini esivumelanayo nemvamisa engaguquki, evumela ukulawulwa kwejubane elilungile.

Uchungechunge-inxeba DC Motors

Ama-motor ochungechunge ane-stator yawo (imvamisa eyenziwe ngamabha ethusi) ama-windings nama-winding field (amakhoyili ethusi) axhunywe ochungechungeni.Ngakho-ke, i-armature current kanye nemisinga yasensimini iyalingana.Amandla aphezulu ageleza asuka ngqo lapho enikezwa khona aye emawindini enkundla aminyene futhi amancane kunama-shunt motors.Ugqinsi lwama-windings endle lukhulisa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wemoto futhi lukhiqiza izizinda ezinamandla ezinikeza uchungechunge lwe-DC motors itorque ephezulu kakhulu.

Shunt DC Motors

I-shunt DC motor inezikhali zayo kanye namawindi enkundla axhunywe ngokuhambisana.Ngenxa yokuxhumeka okuhambisanayo, womabili ama-windings athola i-voltage efanayo yokuhlinzeka, nakuba ejabule ngokuhlukana.Ama-shunt motors ngokuvamile anokushintsha okuningi kuma-windings kunama-motor ochungechunge adala izizibuthe ezinamandla ngesikhathi sokusebenza.Ama-shunt motors angaba nokulawulwa kwejubane okuhle kakhulu, ngisho nemithwalo ehlukahlukene.Kodwa-ke, imvamisa ayinayo i-torque ephezulu yokuqala yama-motor ochungechunge.

Isekhethi yokulawula injini nesivinini efakwe ku-mini drill.Isithombe esisetshenziswe ngezilokotho zeDilshan R. Jayakody

DC Motor Speed ​​Control

Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokufinyelela ukulawulwa kwejubane ochungechungeni lwe-DC motors-flux control, ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi, nokulawula ukumelana nezikhali.

1. Indlela Yokulawula I-Flux

Endleleni yokulawula ukugeleza, i-rheostat (uhlobo lwe-resistor eguquguqukayo) ixhunywe ochungechungeni olunama-windings asensimini.Inhloso yale ngxenye ukukhulisa ukumelana kochungechunge kuma-windings okuzonciphisa ukugeleza, ngenxa yalokho kwandise isivinini semoto.

2. Indlela Yokulawula Amandla Kagesi

Indlela yokulawula eguquguqukayo ivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-shunt dc motors.Kukhona, futhi, izindlela ezimbili zokufinyelela ukulawula ukulawulwa kwamandla kagesi:

• Ukuxhuma inkambu ye-shunt ku-voltage ethokozisayo engaguquki ngenkathi unikeza i-armature ngama-voltage ahlukene (aka control voltage multiple)
• Ukushintsha i-voltage ehlinzekwa ku-armature (eyaziwa nangokuthi indlela ye-Ward Leonard)

3. Indlela Yokulawula Ukumelana Nezikhali

Ukulawulwa kokumelana nezikhali kususelwa esimisweni sokuthi ijubane lemoto lilingana ngqo ne-EMF yangemuva.Ngakho-ke, uma i-voltage yokuhlinzeka kanye nokumelana ne-armature kugcinwa ngenani eliqhubekayo, isivinini se-motor sizolingana ngokuqondile ne-armature current.