UMnyango Wezohwebo wase-US umemezele ngoSepthemba 24 ukuthi usuqale "uphenyo lwama-232" mayelana nokuthi ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwezibuthe ezihlala njalo ze-Neodymium-iron-boron (Neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnets) kuyalimaza yini ukuphepha kwezwe lase-United States.Lolu wuphenyo “lokuqala lwama-232” olwaqalwa ngabaphathi beBiden selokhu athatha izintambo.UMnyango Wezohwebo wase-US uthe izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala njalo ze-NdFeB zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuphepha zikazwelonke ezibalulekile njengezindiza zempi kanye nezinhlelo zokuqondisa imicibisholo, ingqalasizinda ebalulekile njengezimoto zikagesi nezinjini zomoya, kanye nama-hard drive ekhompyutha, izinto zokulalelwayo, izinto zokusebenza zikamagnetic resonance. nezinye izinkambu.

NgoFebhuwari walo nyaka, uMongameli waseMelika uBiden wayala izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuthi zenze ukubuyekezwa kwezinsuku eziyi-100 zochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwemikhiqizo emine ebalulekile: ama-semiconductors, amaminerali angavamile, amabhethri amakhulu ezimoto zikagesi, nemithi.Emiphumeleni yenhlolovo yezinsuku eziyi-100 ethunyelwe ku-Biden ngoJuni 8, kunconywa ukuthi uMnyango Wezohwebo wase-US uhlole ukuthi kufanele yini uphenye ngozibuthe be-neodymium ngokuhambisana ne-Article 232 yoMthetho Wokunwetshwa Kwezohwebo ka-1962. Lo mbiko uveze ukuthi omazibuthe be-neodymium bayadlala. indima ebalulekile ezimotweni nakwezinye izinto zokusebenza, futhi zibalulekile ekuvikelweni kwezwe kanye nasezimbonini zomphakathi.Nokho, i-United States incike kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe kulo mkhiqizo obalulekile.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kozibuthe be-iron boron ye-neodymium namamotho

Ozibuthe be-Neodymium iron boron basetshenziswa kumamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo.Izinjini ezijwayelekile zikazibuthe ezihlala njalo yilezi: izinjini ezihlala unomphela ezizibuthe ze-DC, izinjini zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela ze-AC, kanye nezinjini ezihlala unomphela zikazibuthe ze-DC zihlukaniswe ngama-brush motors e-DC, ama-brushless motors, namamotho anyakazayo.Izinjini ezihlala unomphela ezizibuthe ze-AC zihlukaniswe ngama-motor kazibuthe ahambisanayo, ama-servo motors azibuthe unomphela, njll., ngokuya ngemodi yokunyakaza futhi ingahlukaniswa ibe amamotor aqondile uzibuthe anomphela kanye nezinjini ezijikelezayo zikazibuthe unomphela.

Izinzuzo ze-neodymium iron boron magnets

Ngenxa yezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu kazibuthe ze-neodymium magnet materials, izinkambu kazibuthe ezihlala njalo zingasungulwa ngaphandle kwamandla engeziwe ngemva kokusebenza kazibuthe.Ukusetshenziswa kwezimotho zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile ezihlala unomphela esikhundleni sezinkambu zikagesi zezimoto zendabuko azigcini nje ngokusebenza kahle, kodwa futhi zilula ngesakhiwo, ezinokwethenjelwa ekusebenzeni, ubukhulu obuncane kanye nesisindo esincane.Ayikwazi kuphela ukufeza ukusebenza okuphezulu (okufana nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kakhulu, isivinini esiphezulu, isivinini esikhulu sokuphendula) ama-motor endabuko ashukumisayo kagesi angeke afane nayo, kodwa futhi ingahlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zokusebenza zamamotho akhethekile afana ne-elevator traction. izinjini kanye nezinjini zezimoto.Inhlanganisela yamamotho kazibuthe omhlaba angavamile anobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula i-microcomputer kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwerotha kazibuthe unomphela kanye nohlelo lokudlulisela ezingeni elisha.Ngakho-ke, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kanye nezinga lokusekela okokusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto ukuze ilungise isakhiwo sezimboni.

I-China yizwe elinamandla amakhulu okukhiqiza ozibuthe be-neodymium.Ngokusho kwedatha, ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke kwamagnetic be-neodymium ngo-2019 cishe amathani ayi-170,000, lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-neodymium iron boron eChina kungamathani ayi-150,000, okubalelwa ku-90%.

I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi ithumela kwamanye amazwe umhlaba ongavamile.Noma yiziphi izintela ezengeziwe ezibekwe yi-United States kumele zingeniswe ezweni yi-China.Ngakho-ke, uphenyo lwe-US 232 empeleni ngeke lube nomthelela embonini yemishini kagesi yaseChina.

Kubikwa uJessica