Ngomhla zingama-24 kuMfumfu, 2021, iwebhusayithi yoMkhandlu Kazwelonke yakhipha “Uhlelo Lwesenzo SeCarbon Peaking ngaphambi kuka-2030” (ngemuva kwalokhu olubizwa ngokuthi “UHlelo”), olusungule imigomo eyinhloko “Yohlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lweminyaka Eyi-14” kanye “nohlelo Lweshumi Nesihlanu Lweminyaka Eyisihlanu- Uhlelo Lonyaka”: ngo-2025 Ingxenye yezwe lonke ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungezona izinsalela izofinyelela cishe ku-20%, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-GDP kuzokwehla ngo-13.5% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2020, futhi ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-GDP kuzoncishiswa I-18% uma iqhathaniswa no-2020, ibeka isisekelo esiqinile sokuthola ukuphakama kwekhabhoni.Ngo-2030, ingxenye yokusetshenziswa kwamandla angewona ama-fossil izofinyelela cishe ku-25%, ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-GDP kuzokwehla ngaphezu kwama-65% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2005, futhi umgomo wokukhuphuka kwekhabhoni ngo-2030 uzofinyelelwa ngempumelelo.

(1) Izimfuneko zokuthuthukiswa kwamandla omoya.

Umsebenzi 1 udinga ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwemithombo yamandla emisha.Ukukhuthaza ngokuphelele ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwamandla omoya kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga.Ukubambelela ekugcizeleleni okulinganayo komhlaba nolwandle, kugqugquzele ukuthuthukiswa okudidiyelwe nokusheshayo kwamandla omoya, kuthuthukise uchungechunge lwemboni yamandla omoya ogwini lolwandle, futhi kukhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwezisekelo zamandla omoya ogwini lolwandle.Ngo-2030, umthamo ofakiwe wamandla omoya namandla elanga uzofinyelela ngaphezu kwama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.2.

Emsebenzini wesi-3, kuyadingeka ukugqugquzela ukuphakama kwekhabhoni yemboni yensimbi engeyona insimbi.Hlanganisa izimpumelelo ekuxazululeni umthamo oweqile we-aluminiyamu ye-electrolytic, sebenzisa ngokuqinile ukushintshwa kwamandla, futhi ulawule ngokuqinile umthamo omusha.Ukukhuthaza ukushintshwa kwamandla ahlanzekile, futhi andise ingxenye yamandla kagesi, amandla omoya, amandla elanga nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

(2) Izidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi.

Ku-Task 1, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuthuthukiswe amandla aphehlwa ngamanzi ngokuya ngezimo zendawo.Khuthaza ukusebenzisana nokuhambisana kwamandla kagesi, amandla omoya, nokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga esifundeni esiseningizimu-ntshonalanga.Ukudidiyela ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla amanzi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, futhi uhlole ukusungulwa kwendlela yesinxephezelo sokuvikela imvelo ekuthuthukisweni kwemithombo yamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi.Ngesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu” kanye “noHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Yeminyaka Emihlanu”, amandla asanda kufakwa ngamanzi acishe abe yizigidi ezingama-40, futhi nohlelo lwamandla avuselelekayo olusekelwe kugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi esifundeni esiseningizimu-ntshonalanga empeleni lwasungulwa.

(3) Ukwenziwa ngcono kwezindinganiso zokonga amandla ezimoto.

Ku-Task 2, kuyadingeka ukukhuthaza ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kwemishini ebalulekile edla amandla.Gxila ezintweni zokusebenza ezinjengamamotho, amafeni, amaphampu, ama-compressor, ama-transformer, izishintshisi zokushisa, namabhayela ezimboni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokugcwele amazinga okusebenza kahle kwamandla.Sungula indlela yokukhuthaza kanye neyokuvimbela egxile ekusebenzeni kahle kwamandla, ukhuthaze imikhiqizo ethuthukisiwe nesebenza kahle kanye namathuluzi, futhi usheshise ukuqedwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezibuyela emuva nezingasebenzi kahle.Qinisa ukubuyekezwa okonga amandla kanye nokugadwa kwansuku zonke kwemishini ebalulekile esetshenziswa amandla, uqinise ukuphathwa kwalo lonke uchungechunge lokukhiqiza, ukusebenza, ukuthengisa, ukusetshenziswa, nokuchithwa, futhi unqande ukwephulwa kwemithetho nemithethonqubo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izindinganiso zokonga ugesi kanye nezidingo zokonga amandla zenziwa ngokugcwele.

(4) Ukwethulwa kwezimoto zikagesi.

I-Task 5 ibiza ukuthi kusheshiswe ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yezokuthutha eluhlaza.Umqondo oluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi usetshenziswa kuyo yonke inqubo yokuhlela ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha, ukwakhiwa, ukusebenza nokugcinwa kokunakekelwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila.Ukwenza ngcono okuluhlaza kanye nokuguqulwa kwengqalasizinda yezokuthutha, ukusebenzisa iyonke izinsiza ezifana nemigudu yezokuthutha ebanzi, umhlaba, nendawo yezindiza, ukwandisa ukuhlanganiswa kogu, ama-anchorage nezinye izinsiza, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa.Ukukhuthaza ngokuhlelekile ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda efana nezinqwaba zokushaja, ukusekela amagridi kagesi, iziteshi zokuthela uphethiloli (uphethiloli), kanye neziteshi ezifaka uphethiloli nge-hydrogen, kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lengqalasizinda yezokuthutha zomphakathi zasemadolobheni.Ngo-2030, izimoto kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezikhumulweni zezindiza zezokuthutha umphakathi zizolwela ukufakwa ugesi ngokugcwele.

Ukuphakama kwekhabhoni kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni kuyizenzo zikazwelonke ezingeni likazwelonke.Noma ngabe umkhiqizi wezimoto noma umthengi, sinesibopho nesibopho sokusebenza kanzima ukukhuthaza ukufezeka kwezinhloso zohlelo ngezenzo ezingokoqobo.

Ibhalwe nguJessica