I-Brushless DC kanye nama-stepper motors angathola ukunakwa okwengeziwe kune-DC motor brushed yakudala, kodwa lokhu kwakamuva kusengaba ukukhetha okungcono kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Abaklami abaningi abafuna ukukhetha imoto encane ye-DC - iyunithi ye-sub- noma ye-fractional-horsepower, ngokuvamile - ngokuvamile babheka izinketho ezimbili kuphela: i-brushless DC (BLDC) motor noma i-stepper motor.Iyiphi ongayikhetha isuselwa kuhlelo lokusebenza, njengoba i-BDLC ivamise ukuba ngcono ngokunyakaza okuqhubekayo kuyilapho i-stepper motor ifaneleka kangcono ukuma, emuva naphambili, kanye nokumisa/ukuqalisa ukunyakaza.Uhlobo ngalunye lwemoto lungaletha ukusebenza okudingekayo ngesilawuli esifanele, esingaba i-IC noma imojuli kuye ngosayizi wemoto kanye nokucaciswayo.Lawa ma-motor angashayelwa “nama-smarts” ashumekwe kuma-IC okulawula ukunyakaza noma iphrosesa ene-firmware eshumekiwe.

Kepha bheka kancane ekunikezelweni kwabathengisi balawa ma-motor e-BLDC, futhi uzobona ukuthi cishe njalo banikela ngama-DC (BDC) motors, abelokhu ekhona “phakade.”Lokhu kuhlelwa kwezimoto kunendawo ende futhi emisiwe emlandweni wamandla ashukumisayo aqhutshwa ngogesi, njengoba bekuwumklamo wokuqala wemoto kagesi wanoma yiluphi uhlobo.Amashumi ezigidi zalezi zinjini ezibhulashiwe zisetshenziswa minyaka yonke emisebenzini ebucayi, engeyona into encane njengezimoto.

Izinhlobo zokuqala ezingahluziwe zamamotho abhulashiwe zaklanywa ekuqaleni kwawo-1800 kodwa ukunika amandla ngisho nenjini encane ewusizo kwakuyinselele.Amajeneretha ayedingeka ukuze asebenze ayengakathuthukisiwe, futhi amabhethri atholakalayo ayenomthamo olinganiselwe, ubukhulu obukhulu, futhi kwakusadingeka “agcwaliswe” ngandlela thile.Ekugcineni, lezi zinkinga zanqotshwa.Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1800, amamotho e-DC axutshiwe asukela emashumini namakhulu wamandla amahhashi afakwa futhi ngokujwayelekile;eziningi zisasetshenziswa nanamuhla.

I-DC motor motor eyisisekelo ayidingi "i-electronics" ukuze isebenze, njengoba iyidivayisi ezishintshayo.Isimiso sokusebenza silula, okungenye yezimfanelo zayo.Injini ye-DC ebhulashiwe isebenzisa ukuguqulwa komshini ukushintsha i-polarity yenkundla kazibuthe ye-rotor (ebizwa nangokuthi i-armature) iqhathaniswa ne-stator.Ngokuphambene, inkambu kazibuthe ye-stator ithuthukiswa ngamakhoyili kazibuthe kagesi (ngokomlando) noma omazibuthe besimanje, abanamandla angunaphakade (kokusetshenziswa okuningi kosuku lwanamuhla) (Umfanekiso 1).

Ukusebenzisana nokuguqulwa okuphindaphindayo kwenkambu kazibuthe phakathi kwamakhoyili erotor ku-armature kanye nenkambu egxilile ye-stator kudala ukunyakaza okujikelezayo okuqhubekayo.Isenzo sokushintsha esibuyisela emuva inkambu ye-rotor senziwa ngokuthintana nabo ngokomzimba (okubizwa ngokuthi amabhulashi), athinta futhi alethe amandla kumakhoyili we-armature.Ukujikeleza kwemoto akuhlinzeki nje kuphela ukunyakaza okufiswayo komshini kodwa futhi nokushintshwa kwe-rotor coil polarity edingekayo ukuze kuhehe ukukhanga/ukwenyanya maqondana nenkundla ye-stator engaguquki - futhi, azikho izinto zikagesi ezidingekayo, njengoba ukunikezwa kwe-DC kusetshenziswa ngqo i-stator coil windings (uma ikhona) kanye namabhulashi.

Ukulawulwa kwejubane okuyisisekelo kufezwa ngokulungisa i-voltage esetshenzisiwe, kodwa lokhu kukhomba kokunye kokushiyeka kwemoto ebhulashiwe: i-voltage ephansi inciphisa isivinini (okwakuyinhloso) futhi inciphisa ngokuphawulekayo i-torque, okuvame ukuba umphumela ongafuneki.Ukusebenzisa i-brushed motor powered power direct from the DC rails ngokuvamile kwamukeleka kuphela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinomkhawulo noma ezingabalulekile ezifana nokusebenzisa amathoyizi amancane nezibonisi ezigqwayizayo, ikakhulukazi uma kudingeka ukulawula isivinini.

Ngokuphambene, i-brushless motor inoxhaxha lwamakhoyili kagesi (izigxobo) ezimiswe endaweni ezungeze ingaphakathi lendlu, futhi omagnethi abangapheli abanamandla aphezulu banamathele ku-shaft ejikelezayo (i-rotor) (Umfanekiso 2).Njengoba izigxobo zinikezwa amandla ngokulandelana yi-electronics yokulawula (ukushintshaniswa kwe-electronic - EC), insimu yamagnetic ezungeze i-rotor ijikeleza futhi ngaleyo ndlela iheha / ixosha i-rotor ngamamagnethi ayo amisiwe, okuphoqeleka ukuba alandele insimu.

Ukushayela kwamanje izigxobo zezimoto ze-BLDC kungaba igagasi eliyisikwele, kodwa lokho kungasebenzi futhi kudala ukudlidliza, ngakho-ke amadizayini amaningi asebenzisa i-waveform egelezayo enomumo oklanyelwe inhlanganisela efiswayo yokusebenza kahle kukagesi nokunemba kokunyakaza.Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilawuli singakwazi ukushuna kahle i-waveform enika amandla ukuze kuqalwe ngokushesha kodwa okushelelayo futhi ime ngaphandle kwe-shoot overshoot kanye nempendulo esheshayo kuma-transients wokulayisha.Amaphrofayili ahlukene okulawula kanye nama-trajectories ayatholakala afanisa ukuma kwemoto kanye nesivinini nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza.

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