Okuqukethwe okuyisisekelo okudingekayo ekukhethweni kwezimoto yilezi: uhlobo lomthwalo oshayelwa, amandla akaliwe, i-voltage elinganiselwe, isivinini esilinganisiwe, nezinye izimo.

1. Uhlobo lomthwalo ozoshayelwa lushiwo ngokuphambene kusukela ezicini zemoto.Ama-motor angahlukaniswa kalula abe ama-DC motors kanye nama-AC motors, futhi i-AC iphinde ihlukaniswe ngamamotho ahambisanayo namamotho asynchronous.

Izinzuzo zemoto ye-DC zingalungisa kalula isivinini ngokushintsha i-voltage, futhi zinganikeza i-torque enkulu.Ifanele imithwalo edinga ukulungisa isivinini njalo, njengezigayo ezigoqayo ezigayweni zensimbi, ama-hoists ezimayini, njll. Kodwa manje ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuguqula imvamisa, i-AC motor ingaphinde ilungise isivinini ngokushintsha imvamisa.Kodwa-ke, nakuba intengo yama-motor frequency motors ingabizi kakhulu kunamamotho ajwayelekile, intengo yeziguquli zemvamisa ithatha ingxenye enkulu yesethi yonke yemishini, ngakho-ke enye inzuzo yama-DC motors ukuthi ashibhile.Ububi bama-DC motors ukuthi isakhiwo siyinkimbinkimbi.Uma nje noma iyiphi imishini inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, nakanjani izoholela ekwenyukeni kwezinga lokuhluleka.Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-AC motors, ama-motor e-DC awayona nje inkimbinkimbi kuma-winding (i-excitation windings, ama-pole windings, isinxephezelo, i-armature windings), kodwa futhi engeza izindandatho zokushelela, amabhulashi kanye nabagibeli.Akuzona kuphela izidingo zenqubo zomkhiqizi eziphakeme, kodwa izindleko zokulondoloza esikhathini sakamuva nazo ziphakeme kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, ama-DC motors ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni asesimweni esinamahloni lapho ehla khona kancane kancane kodwa asenayo indawo esigabeni sezinguquko.Uma umsebenzisi enemali eyanele, kunconywa ukukhetha uhlelo lwe-AC motor ene-frequency converter.

2. Asynchronous motor

Izinzuzo zama-asynchronous motors yisakhiwo esilula, ukusebenza okuzinzile, ukugcinwa okulula kanye nentengo ephansi.Futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza nayo ilula kakhulu.Ngizwile ngochwepheshe omdala endaweni yokusebenzela ukuthi kuthatha amamotho amabili ahambisanayo noma amamotha amane asynchronous wamandla afanayo ukuhlanganisa injini ye-DC.Lokhu kuyabonakala.Ngakho-ke, ama-asynchronous motors asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini.

2. Amandla alinganiselwe

Amandla alinganisiwe emoto abhekisa emandleni okukhiphayo, okungukuthi, amandla e-shaft, aziwa nangokuthi umthamo, okuyipharamitha yesithonjana yemoto.Abantu bavame ukubuza ukuthi inkulu kangakanani injini.Ngokuvamile, akubhekiseli kusayizi wenjini, kodwa kumandla alinganiselwe.Kuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu yokulinganisa umthamo wemoto yokudonsa, futhi iyizidingo zepharamitha okufanele zinikezwe lapho kukhethwa injini.

Umgomo wokukhetha kahle umthamo wemoto kufanele kube yisinqumo esonga kakhulu nesinengqondo kakhulu emandleni emoto ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuthi injini ingahlangabezana nezidingo zomthwalo wemishini yokukhiqiza.Uma amandla amakhulu kakhulu, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini kuzokwanda, kubangele imfucuza, futhi injini ivame ukugijima ngaphansi komthwalo, futhi ukusebenza kahle kanye namandla we-AC motor kuphansi;ngokuphambene nalokho, uma amandla emancane kakhulu, injini izogcwala ngokweqile, okubangela ukuthi injini isebenze ngaphambi kwesikhathi.umonakalo.Kunezici ezintathu ezinquma amandla amakhulu emoto: 1) ukushisa nokushisa kwemoto, okuyizici ezibaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni amandla emoto;2) umthamo wokulayisha ngokweqile wesikhathi esifushane uvunyelwe;3) umthamo wokuqala kufanele futhi ucatshangelwe ngenjini yekheji ye-squirrel asynchronous.

3. I-voltage elinganiselwe

I-voltage elinganiselwe ye-motor ibhekisela ku-voltage kalayini kumodi yokusebenza elinganiselwe.Ukukhethwa kwe-voltage elinganiselwe ye-motor kuncike ku-voltage yokuphakelwa kwamandla ohlelo lwamandla ebhizinisini kanye nosayizi womthamo wemoto.

Injini nemishini esebenzayo eshayelwa yiyo inejubane layo elikaliwe.Uma ukhetha isivinini se-motor, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ijubane akufanele libe liphansi kakhulu, ngoba ijubane elilinganiselwe lemoto liphansi, inani lezigaba, ivolumu enkulu futhi intengo ephakeme;ngesikhathi esifanayo, isivinini se-motor akufanele sikhethwe kakhulu.phezulu, njengoba lokhu kungenza ukudluliselwa kube nzima kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukukugcina.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho amandla engashintshi, i-torque ye-motor ihambisana ngokuphambene nesivinini.

Ngokuvamile, injini inganqunywa cishe ngokunikeza uhlobo lomthwalo oshayelwa, amandla alinganiselwe, i-voltage elinganiselwe, kanye nesivinini esilinganiselwe semoto.Nokho, lezi zinhlaka eziyisisekelo zikude nokwanele uma izidingo zomthwalo zizohlangatshezwana nazo ngokufanele.Amapharamitha okudingeka ahlinzekwe ahlanganisa: imvamisa, uhlelo lokusebenza, izidingo zokugcwala ngokweqile, isigaba sokuvikela, isigaba sokuvikela, isikhathi se-inertia, ijika le-torque lokumelana nomthwalo, indlela yokufaka, izinga lokushisa elizungezile, ukuphakama, izidingo zangaphandle, njll., ezinikezwa ngokuya ezimweni ezithile.